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By Austin Cline
What is Idealism?:
Idealism refers to any philosophy that argues that reality is somehow dependent upon the mind rather than independent of it. More extreme versions will deny that the “world” even exists outside of our minds. Narrow versions argue that our understanding of reality reflects the workings of our mind first and foremost — that the properties of objects have no standing independent of minds perceiving them.
Idealism refers to any philosophy that argues that reality is somehow dependent upon the mind rather than independent of it. More extreme versions will deny that the “world” even exists outside of our minds. Narrow versions argue that our understanding of reality reflects the workings of our mind first and foremost — that the properties of objects have no standing independent of minds perceiving them.
Important Books on Idealism:
The World and the Individual, by Josiah Royce
Principles of Human Knowledge, by George Berkeley
Phenomenology of Spirit, by G.W.F. Hegel
The World and the Individual, by Josiah Royce
Principles of Human Knowledge, by George Berkeley
Phenomenology of Spirit, by G.W.F. Hegel
Important Philosophers of Idealism:
Plato
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Immanuel Kant
George Berkeley
Josiah Royce
Plato
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Immanuel Kant
George Berkeley
Josiah Royce
What is the “Mind” in Idealism?:
The nature and identity of the “mind” upon which reality is dependent is one issue that has divided idealists of various sorts. Some argue that there is some objective mind outside of nature, some argue that it is simply the common power of reason or rationality, some argue that it is the collective mental faculties of society, and some focus simply on the minds of individual human beings.
The nature and identity of the “mind” upon which reality is dependent is one issue that has divided idealists of various sorts. Some argue that there is some objective mind outside of nature, some argue that it is simply the common power of reason or rationality, some argue that it is the collective mental faculties of society, and some focus simply on the minds of individual human beings.
Platonic Idealism: According to Platonic Idealism, there exists a perfect realm of Form and Ideas and our world merely contains shadows of that realm.
Subjective Idealism: According to Subjective Idealism, only ideas can be known or have any reality (it is also known as solipsism).
Transcendental Idealism:
According to Transcendental Idealism, developed by Kant, this theory argues that all knowledge originated in perceived phenomena which have been organized by categories.
According to Transcendental Idealism, developed by Kant, this theory argues that all knowledge originated in perceived phenomena which have been organized by categories.
Absolute Idealism:
According to Absolute Idealism, all objects are identical with some idea and the ideal knowledge is itself the system of ideas. It is also known as Objective Idealism and is the sort of idealism promoted by Hegel. Unlike the other forms of idealism, this is monistic — there is only one mind in which reality is created.
According to Absolute Idealism, all objects are identical with some idea and the ideal knowledge is itself the system of ideas. It is also known as Objective Idealism and is the sort of idealism promoted by Hegel. Unlike the other forms of idealism, this is monistic — there is only one mind in which reality is created.
This is very informative, but what is true?
ReplyDeleteYou have defined all the variations of Idealism
but which one is correct?